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were lost in Latin America. is political and socioeconomic Latin America, but in reality, we have
The latest technologies like institutional destabilization 50 million indigenous peoples on the
Chatgpt show that artists are losing throughout Latin America, but continent, while there are 150 million
work and increasing manipulative that this occurs in different ways. African Americans, less organized.
audience orientation for the benefit of And this affects culture, because, Sometimes some demonstrations
corporations and the mass audience. notoriously, right-wing governments draw attention to this emergency
However, there is an articulating role are less sensitive to public cultural on the part of cultural institutions.
that virtual technology facilitates development and tend to give away I would highlight the Bienal do
for social movements, such as initiatives to private companies. Mercosul, held in Porto Alegre in a
this movement that we mentioned But this has also changed in recent virtual format during the pandemic,
in Brazil of artists and cultural years, partly due to the triumph of when Andrea Giunta was the
managers mobilized in an emergency right-wing governments in many curator. She elected the agendas
that obtains funds and public through Latin American countries, partly of indigenous groups, women,
non-traditional ways. As for artificial due to the general deterioration of representatives of different genders
intelligence, it’s too early to evaluate the economic and social situation in and artistic creation with signs of
this technology, but there is some Latin America and the reduction of gender and Afro-Americans. And
evidence that it will take work away the classes’ consumption capacity. this Bienal was a leap in recognition.
from artists. I just saw news from medium and low. The middle At this moment, bienalsur, which
Spain, where voice actors are very classes are descending a level, a has its base at Universidad Tres
important, that these professionals little contrary to what happened in de Febrero, in Buenos Aires, but
are losing jobs because computers the first Lula administration in Brazil, includes artistic representatives
can simulate dubbing. in which it was said that 40% of the from dozens of countries, from Africa
population had moved out of poverty to Asia, is responding to this type
– During the period in which the and into the middle class. Now the of demand that arises, giving for
research for the book was carried out, reverse is happening. And it is not a example, a very great importance
was there a consolidation of changes result of neoliberalism alone, but of a to the environmental movements.
in culture consumption habits? If so, complex web of processes of change So, there are these eruptions of
how does this affect institutions? in cultural development. That’s why responses,
Yes. We are facing a field of it is necessary to study a little better.
investigation that needs more And there is also a difficulty for public – Another currently emerging
study and more support from public cultural institutions to adapt and theme, that of restitution and
resources to stimulate independent adapt their broad communication reparations, also does not appear
academic investigation. However, to society, as well as the participation among the subjects addressed in the
there are some surveys that I would of artists, creators and entrepreneurs book. But I would like to know if it is
like to mention in countries like in the new conditions that new already possible to understand its
Argentina, where in 2022 a cultural contemporary technologies create. impact on institutions or if everything
consumption survey was carried out is still very embryonic.
by the country’s Cultural Information – Leaving the scope of the book There is a long history of the
System, a public system, and a little, what are the implications of relationship between state public
which shows a return to visiting the convulsive political scene across institutions and native peoples.
physical spaces af er the pandemic. the continent – and also in the rest There is a recent boom, and there
Sometimes numbers higher than of the world – on institutions, artists are solutions, in quotes, in the case
pre-pandemic attendance statistics. and public policies? of Mexico and other countries in
More visits to museums, more face- One aspect that I would highlight is the Andean region of Latin America,
to-face shows, concerts, popular that, just as there was institutional which created solutions, but which
fairs, etc. We see that the public’s destabilization and impoverishment, were not solutions, they were ways
relationship was not lost despite we have to mention the low capacity of of arranging coexistence in a very
internet connectivity, but that the cultural, social, medical institutions, precarious way. Today, there is a
return af er confinement was very etc., to respond to the demands of more energetic emergency with
powerful. They remain connected, collectives, communities. And here demands that cannot be answered
but seek a hybrid relationship I would highlight, above all, the with repression. It is not just a
between virtual access and face- demands that have grown in recent question of responding to this
to-face access. years, from the feminist, indigenous, emergency, but also of finding new
Afro-American, ecological forms of social coexistence among
– To what extent have movements, etc. There are advances, the many diversities of ethnicity,
institutional and public policy such as the decriminalization of gender, etc., because part of what we
initiatives in the field of culture abortion, the legitimization of are experiencing globally at this stage
mentioned in the book been different types of marriages, but we of the 21st century is an explosion that
successful and why? What problems also see the high level of conflict of makes it very difficult to coexistence
still remain on the margins of indigenous claims that are not met, between cultures. For me, as an
discussions and why? as well as those of Afro-American anthropologist, interculturality is the
A large list of questions that require movements. Indigenous movements great theme and the great challenge
further research. We know that there are historically more combative in of contemporary anthropology.
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